In most exams you are not permitted to use a dictionary. Even if you are not allowed to use one, it is very time-consuming to [?] words, and time in exams is usually limited. You are therefore forced to [?] the meaning of unfamiliar words.

When you meet unknown words in an exam text, it is very easy to panic. [?], if you develop efficient techniques for guessing the meaning, you overcome a number of possible problems and help yourself to understand far more of the text than you at first thought likely.

Two strategies which may help you to guess the meaning of a word are:
--- using contextual clues, both within the [?] and outside
--- making use of clues from the formation of the word.

You may also find it helpful to compare the [?] word with similar words in your own [?]. This can be misleading, however, so you should use these other strategies [?] confirm your guess.